Respiratory system:

VO2 maximum is also referred to the cardio respiratory endurance or aerobic capacity or maximum oxygen uptake. It is a measure of the maximum amount of oxygen that your body can use for each kilogram of your body weight in one minute. The more oxygen you can use the more work you can do. To produce energy for cardio respiratory work, our muscles need a large supply of oxygen, and must be able to burn this oxygen efficiently.

VO2 max. is the best way of measuring the efficiency of your circulatory, respiratory and muscular systems under exercise. The average Vo2 maximum for untrained females is 30-39mL/kg/min. My VO2 maximum was under 30mL/kg/min, which was ranked as poor.

Blood pressure refers to the force exerted by the blood on the walls of the blood vessels. Blood pressure indicates peak pressure, when the blood is forced into the arteries and lowest blood pressure when the heart is filling. This comes into effect when running, blood pressure slows run. The immediate effect of exercise on the lungs is to increase the rate and depth of breathing. This provides more oxygen to blood which is being moved rapidly around the body.

Circulatory system:

Involved in why we sweat when we run. Water is a significant component of the circulatory system and controls body heat through sweating. When we run, the blood transfers excess heat generated by the body to the surface of the skin to be lost. If sweating is extreme, excess loss of water from the plasma and from the tissues can decrease blood volume and place strain on the circulatory system.

Maximum heart rate = 220-16 = 204 beats per minute, my max. Heart rate. From the run I calculated a resting heart rate of 74 beats per minute which is average. And after the run my heart rate was increased up to 168 beats per minute which is also average.

Biomechanics: are the study of forces created by or exerted on the body.

Motion is the movement of a body from one position to another. It describes the path of the body. The motion used for the run was angular motion (circular path). This would have had an effect on the results of the run because a variety of parts of the body were being used when running round corners and correct balance would have been needed, as opposed to running in just a straight distance.

How the body applies forces has an effect on how well of a result I got on the run. Runners are able to apply forces to the ground to enable them to run faster. In doing this, the runners are confronted with opposing forces such gravity, air resistance and friction.

There are two forces which are used when running- applied forces and reaction forces. Applied forces are forces applied to surfaces such as the running field. When this happens, a similar force opposes it from outside the body. This is called the reaction force. The result is that the runner is able to propel his or her body along the track surface because the applied force generated by the legs is being matched equally by the reaction force coming from the field surface. The greater the force the runner can produce, the greater the resistance from the field.

Forces exerted on the body are absorbed through the joints, which bend or flex in response to the impact. When the body lands on a surface, it exerts force on the surface. In response, the surface exerts a force on the body. If we did not bend the knees and allow a slow, controlled dissipation of the forces by the muscles, the risk of the injury to a joint would be increased.

Momentum can be either linear or angular. In this case it is angular, which is the movement of a bodily part or object around an axis of symmetry. Momentum is calculated by the formula mass x velocity (kg/m/s). My momentum = 66kg x 2 metres/ second = 132kg/m/s

Speed is equal to the distance covered divided by the time taken to cover the distance. My speed = 1280/720 = 1.7 metres per second.

The centre of gravity of an object is a point about which all the weight is evenly distributed. The centre of gravity remains in the body but will vary slightly with each bounce and stride when running. This is the reason why we move our arms with our lags when we run. The longer our strides become, the bigger we move our arms. This balances out the body and the centre of gravity.

Influences on the run:

-temperature: because the temperature was cold, the joints in our bodies were stiff and harder to move.

-other people doing the run, and also watching, had an influence on how I ran because I was distracted and perhaps a bit conscious of myself, so I didn’t run aswell as I could have.

-motivation- if I was motivated to do the run, the result would have been better.

Short term effects of exercise:

-heart rate increases

-cardiac output increases

-stroke volume increases from resting level

-increased coronary circulation

-maximum heart rate may be reached

-increased blood pressure on artery walls

-capillaries and veins dilate to allow increased blood flow

-one way valves in veins help return blood to the heart

-increased speed of blood flow

-increased temperature of blood

-oxygen level in venous blood decreases as the body uses more oxygen for exercise

Long term effects of exercise:

-resting heart rate decreases

-stroke volume increases at rest

-increased blood supply to the heart muscle at rest and work

-increased size of left ventricle

-maximum heart rate remains the same

-elasticity of artery walls is maintained

-reduced build up of fatty deposits in arteries

-decreased risk of high blood pressure and cardiovascular disease

-increased capillary supply to heart and skeletal muscles

-increased blood volume

-increased haemoglobin count

-increased oxygen carrying ability of blood